A Critical Overview of the Impact of Nanoparticles in Ester Fluid for Power Transformers

This paper examines the impact of various nanoparticles on ester fluids with a special focus their usage towards power transformers. The precautionary measures to be considered nanofluids such as preparation methodologies an appropriate surfactant and its stability is well elucidated. electrical double layer (EDL) formation around diffusion in insulating fluid explained by different layers away from particle surface. partial discharge detection methods elaborated comparison conventional IEC 60270 measurements. field configurations ester-nanofluids govern breakdown mechanism variations streamer patterns. equation relaxation time valid only when it lower than initiation for streamers. flow charges induced at solid/liquid interface inside transformers depends structure nanofluid condition pressboard/paper insulation. concentrations observes change behaviour affecting streaming current. permittivity polarization where Clausius-Mossotti governing this ester-nanofluids. viscosity observed no significant variation whereas other physio-chemical properties flash point, interfacial tension, oxidation improved depending type nanoparticle. addition metal-oxide increases thermal conductivity models proposed based shape ageing instability over longer duration specific which should better understood before implementing them real-time